12/25/2023 0 Comments Angry birds star wars 2 40It seems to be the Star Wars counterpart of the Pig City. In the Angry Birds Star Wars Character Encyclopedia, Death Star is called the Pig Star.The first 20 levels have been updated in the Facebook game of Angry Birds Star Wars on February 25, 2013, and the other levels came on April 2, 2013.Sometimes, the Death Star can be also called the "Pig Station" in some text on the boxes of merchandise.Even with all of these new defense systems, the Rebels were still able to destroy it. This version retains a fully functional crater-like cannon, even while being under construction. However, to prevent the Rebel Army from interfering again, the second Death Star was protected by an impenetrable shield on the nearby forest moon of Endor. During the events of the story, it was still under construction. The Death Star would eventually be rebuilt in Episode VI: Return of the Jedi. It was eventually destroyed by Luke Skywalker when the Rebel army attacked. It also held a large cannon located at a "crater"-like intrusion that could easily destroy planets. It had the ability to control its gravity and inertia, allowing it orbit any planet at will, or remain stationary. It was a spherical structure that resembled a moon, and functioned like one. In Episode IV: A New Hope, the Death Star served as a space station of the evil Galactic Empire. You have to destroy his TIE Fighter and all minor bosses (the other TIE Fighters and pigs) to complete the level. Level 2-40: Darth Vader rides his TIE Fighter. You have to defeat Darth Vader and all minor bosses within five birds to win. Level 2-25: Vader levitate some blocks and pigs with his power. This is the first boss level which is The Imperial March played. One of the five levels that Jetpack of Boba Fett Missions located. Level 2-40: The Birds find the nasal core and blast it to destroy the Death Star.Īfter you play this level, Obi-Wan gets double power to push, despite him having died in the movie after fighting with Darth Vader. Level 2-25: Obi-Wan Kenobi and Darth Vader engage in a lightsaber duel, thereby upgrading his force. Level 2-11: The Millennium Falcon flies into the Death Star. Level 2-1: The Blue Birds (Rebel Pilots) come to assist the Birds. The Angry Birds Wiki is happy to welcome you to the community and happy editing! Click here to learn more about the wiki's history.Got any questions? Feel free to contact an administrator or a moderator for help.Add some Userboxes to tell everyone about yourself! Please make sure you do not post fanon material in our mainspace articles.If you are the artist yourself, you must select the "I created this image myself" ( template ) option when uploading. Per our image policy, any non-official or non-Angry Birds/Bad Piggies images must be added to said user's profile page, or else they may be deleted.Please read our Forum guidelines before you begin posting.Please read our Rules and Edit Manual before you begin editing.You can go to our Community Portal to get a quick start about us and what you can do to help!.Before editing, take note of the following: Hello, and welcome to the Angry Birds Wiki! A place where you could find or share information about the Angry Birds and Bad Piggies series.
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12/25/2023 0 Comments Watch shut in online freThe extended highlights show that we've mentioned further down the page is in English. You could also use an online text commentary site or BBC Radio 5 Live to keep up with events behind the scenes. Live driver comms are usually in English, too. You won't get English commentary, but the data at the side of the screen provides a narrative in any language. This weekend's simplest option for a free F1 live stream is using a VPN to tune into one of the free European streams mentioned above. Where to Watch a free Mexico F1 live stream Extended highlights: Channel 4 - 8 p.m.UK: Sky TV (various paid bundles) | Now TV ( from £11.98) | Channel 4 extended highlights (free).Access free live streams below via ExpressVPN (save 49% and try risk-free for 30 days).US: ESPN - Sling TV Orange ( $40 $20 for your first month) | FuboTV (free trial).Local hero Perez starts in fifth and will be hoping the home crowd will inspire a return to form for him as he's been off the pace in recent months, and his P2 in the Championship is looking increasingly under threat. In a break from our usual programming, two Ferraris line up on the front row today with Leclerc in pole and Sainz alongside him - so expect an exciting first corner, especially with Verstappen lurking in third just waiting to take advantage of any in-team squabbles. Or you can see full replays on-demand with channels that had the full race earlier. If you're unavailable when the race is happening, there's an extended highlight show a few hours later. A VPN (virtual private network) will help simulate your device's location to be in the same country as this weekend's free USA F1 live stream, letting you watch along like a local. See also: Free Champions Leauge Live stream | Free Cricket World Cup live streamįor anyone outside the free live stream countries listed below, geo-restrictions will block you from watching online unless you use a VPN to unlock them.Numerous territories are offering free F1 live stream today, and we've been bringing you the best viewing options throughout the season, with all options thoroughly checked for every race. Looking for the latest on how to watch the Mexico F1 live stream for free? No matter what country you're based in, we can help you get everything you need with a few clicks. When caught in a deadly winter storm, she must find a way to rescue a young boy before he disappears forever." 'Shut In' is currently available to rent, purchase, or stream via subscription on Apple iTunes, Google Play Movies, Vudu, Amazon Video, Microsoft Store, YouTube, Redbox, and Tubi TV. Want to know what the movie's about? Here's the plot: "A widowed child psychologist lives in an isolated existence in rural New England. Released November 11th, 2016, 'Shut In' stars Naomi Watts, Oliver Platt, David Cubitt, Jacob Tremblay The PG-13 movie has a runtime of about 1 hr 31 min, and received a user score of 53 (out of 100) on TMDb, which collated reviews from 655 top users. Now, before we get into the various whats and wheres of how you can watch 'Shut In' right now, here are some details about the EuropaCorp, Lava Bear, Transfilm International, Screen Siren Pictures thriller flick. Read on for a listing of streaming and cable services - including rental, purchase, and subscription choices - along with the availability of 'Shut In' on each platform when they are available. Looking to watch ' Shut In' on your TV, phone, or tablet? Searching for a streaming service to buy, rent, download, or view the Farren Blackburn-directed movie via subscription can be difficult, so we here at Moviefone want to do right by you. 12/25/2023 0 Comments Xfinity router login ip addressHow To Configure Comcast Xfinity Modem And Set Up Credentials? This is the username and the password the modem came with.īefore you change your Xfinity Comcast router modem’s credentials, read and understand the guides well. If your gadget is new, the first thing you do when you get into the admin page is to change the default credentials. You will be allowed into your Comcast Xfinity router management page when you are done with step three. The only option is to contact your Internet Service Provider (ISP) to access the admin page. If these combinations do not work out for you, chances are a hacker got into your modem. You can try out several combinations like Sometimes these credentials do not allow you to get into the page. Key in the credentials and ensure the capital letters are correct. You will require these two to get access to your modem. Comcast router modems come with the default username as Admin, while the default password is Password. When you acquired your Comcast Xfinity router, it came with both a default username and password. Step 3: Key In Your Username And Password You can enter any of the following IP addresses to find out if it works out for you: For example, there are standard and non-standard Xfinity Comcast. The reason why IP addresses may work is router-modem models vary. If the address does not go through, there are several others that you can try out. When you key in this, it should land you on the login window. Most Xfinity routers have an IP address at the backside of the modem. Go ahead to the search bar and key in the IP address of your Comcast Xfinity network. It could be Chrome, Safari, Opera, or Firefox, or any other. This step involves hopping into the browser of your choice. Plugin your device on your PC to access its details. A low battery and power off will disappoint you while trying to log in. Make sure that you are plugged into the power connection. So first, check whether your device is well connected. To sign in, you need robust internet connectivity, which is the Xfinity network. 12/25/2023 0 Comments Wafer for gqf incubatorThe IncuStatTM lets you add a sophisticated control module to your cabinet (or larger-style) egg incubator. Key lock feature allows you to set the temperature and lock the keys so it cannot be changed without unlocking the keys (keys are locked by pressing both up and down buttons for 5 seconds). Wiring and operation instructions included. It also includes instructions for installing an incubator fan, if desired. For example: If you have a thermometer that you trust and the digital thermostat reads a little different, you can calibrate the thermostat to match the trusted thermometer (calibrate in 0.1 degree increments up to +/- 5 degrees) This means that you can calibrate the thermostat to a specific temperature. As long as the up and down cycle is relatively small, is less than a few minutes, and the average air temperature is at your target temperature, the temperature inside your egg (which is what really matters) will be just fine! This is true with any incubator and egg configuration.Ĭalibration Enabled. NOTE: It is normal for the thermostat to turn the heater off and still have the air temperature increase a little bit. This happens because as the power to the heater turns off, the heater is still hot and will heat the air around it. The same is true when the heater turns back on: the temperature may decrease a little more as the heater gets back up to temperature. The amount this happens will depend on the thermal mass of your heating element and the amount of circulation in your incubator. Keep in mind that the air temperature may vary without a negative impact to the eggs if the variation is rapid enough to not allow the egg to heat or cool more than it should. Temperature Switching Differential = 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit. This means if the thermostat is set to 99.5 the thermostat will turn the heat on when the thermostat sensor reads below 99.3 and turn off when the sensor reads above 99.7. 220/240V AC is for most places outside of North America. 110V AC is for North America and a small number of other countries. Select your voltage above in the drop down box (110V AC OR 220/240V AC). Remote Temperature Sensor (18 inches long) If the temperature goes over 99.9, it reads: 00.1, 00.2, 00.3, etcĭesigned specifically for incubators, great for small incubators AND cabinet incubators (can switch heating elements up to 225 Watts) Thermostat set point can be adjusted to any temperature between 41 - 113 degrees Fahrenheitĭigital readout displays temperature to the tenth of a degree (examples: 98.0, 99.5) This can be set to read in Celsius or FahrenheitĬomes preset to 99.5 (this means that if you lose power the thermostat will come back on set to 99.5) - Preset to 37.5 in Celsius mode Finally you can measure the temperature right next to your eggs, not the air at the top of the incubator. The white thermostat case is then mounted on the outside of the incubator. The unit has an 18 inch remote sensor that is placed inside the incubator. There is a flame indicator on the screen that shows when the heater is operating. Just press the up arrow to set the temperature (in 0.1 degree increments). Incubator Warehouse's Digital Electronic Egg Incubator Thermostatĭescription: This thermostat is very simple to use. The HumidiKit is also covered by the IncubatorWarehouse Two-Year IncuCare Warranty so you can purchase with confidence. This unit comes ready to install into your incubator simply place the probes from the HumidiKit inside the incubator, insert the hose into a vent hole, fill the water bottle, and connect to power. To extend the life of your humidiKit we recommend using distilled water. The humidifier also comes with a one liter bottle which typically needs to be filled once a week for most desktop incubators. The humidifier is designed to gently provide instant humidity and fresh air directly inside the incubator for an accurate humidity range. The integrated digital hygrostat that measures and controls the humidity is fully adjustable so you can achieve the humidity range that is right for your eggs. This system is designed to instantly deliver accurate humidity to most incubators. We are proud to introduce the HumidiKit automatic humidity system for egg incubators. These hassles include the need to frequently fill the water reservoirs or not being able to maintain the desired humidity. One of the common hassles with incubation is maintaining the humidity inside the incubator. 12/25/2023 0 Comments Songbird ocarina 7 hole ocarinaIf you scroll down to the bottom of this article you can watch my youtube unboxing and audio demonstration video so you can see how the light reflects off of the plastic and hear how it sounds it looks like a really quality instrument.Īs for the cons, the Kokiri is almost perfectly In tune. The finger holes to play the notes are properly and evenly spaced apart so that it is very easy to get your fingers into position to find clear notes (Although my technique isn’t really the best). The Kokiri Ocarina is a little bit under 6″, but I thought it was the perfect size to hold and play. I thought that the Tri-force symbol also looked really cool, unlike other Zelda Ocarina replicas, this one had a slightly raised ring around the mouthpiece that makes it look a bit more unique. The Kokiri Ocarina is also very Sturdy and durable and is made out of a resilient hard plastic. As I mentioned earlier, there are two fake holes filled in with plastic to help complete the replica look, but they don’t actually do anything, the two center holes are purely aesthetic. The Songbird Kokiri Ocarina is easy to hold and play- I had no problem holding the Ocarina and learning how to play with the finger system they came up with to make it look like the Ocarina of time from the game. If you find the proper balance in how to breathe and blow into the ocarina it does have quite a nice sound to it. I will start the review first with the pros, then move on to the minor cons that I found. The booklet also gives you a few simple tips and pointers on how to properly play your Ocarina and hold the instrument to get you started in case you are a beginner just starting out. I think I should also mention that there is also a basic finger chart for all the notes. The songbird Kokiri Ocarina of time Song booklet includes the following songs. So does this Ocarina stand up to the description? Let’s find out! Quality of the Songbird Kokiri Ocarina Same hole layout as the original Ocarina of Time” The description for the Ocarina is as follows- “Same range as a 12 Hole OcarinaĬrystal clear high notes that don’t require tons of breath Before I get on with my review I want to quote the makers of the Kokiri Ocarina. The Range for the Kokiri Ocarina of time goes as low as A4 and as high as F6 and is tuned to the key of C. Before I get on with the review, I do want to point out that the two center finger holes are purely there for decoration. I contacted Songbird Ocarina and asked them if they would be willing to send a product for review and they agreed to send the Kokiri Ocarina to be featured on my website. Songbird Ocarina teamed up with Stein Ocarina to make this amazing Legend of Zelda Ocarina of time replica. This is a review for Songbird Ocarina Kokiri edition seven hole Ocarina. About the Songbird Kokiri Ocarina of time 12/25/2023 0 Comments Sunbest guava nectarFor convenience, also has an android app, so our users can access anywhere and from almost any device. works on all web browsers on computers, laptops, tablets and mobile phones. Rani Float Super Pineapple, Fruit Drink With Real Fruit Pieces, Can, 24x240ml Suntop Drink Mixed Fuit 250 ml X 18 - Pack of 1, 213102 Almarai Guava Juice, 235. /rebates/2fproducts2f25390966-sunberry-farms-passion-orange-guava-nectar-128-fl-oz&. provides customers with similar products suggestions in a smart way, usually suggesting similar products with better prices or similar products from other merchant websites. allows you to see the real discount by comparing the current price with the previous price, which is the correct & real discount you will be getting. Sometimes online sellers don’t do this in order to show shoppers a larger percentage drop in the product price in the offer or promotion. The freshness and sweetness is packaged in a box with high technology and. It efficiently controls the body’s potassium levels, which is necessary for a healthy heart. Guava is a must-have for diabetics since its low glycemic index makes it possible to absorb the excess sugar. (128 fl oz. Buavita Guava is made from fresh apple juice that is naturally fruit flavored. One of the main advantages of drinking guava juice is that it helps in controlling blood sugar levels. The real offer or promotion is when you compare the current price with the previous price. : Sunberry Farms Organic Guava Nectar 1 gal. Real offers and promotions are sometimes not as advertised. To ensure you are getting a good deal, Kanbkam job is to track those price changes for shoppers, store and graph them so that the shopper can know if the product is selling now at a good price compared to it's history or not. Shopping portals change products prices frequently, sometimes every hour. The shopping list allows the users to choose the offers they want to purchase & add them to a list and then keep it on their mobile or share it with the supermarket to get it ready for them (If possible). Supermarket is a deals tracker & shopping list service for supermarket items allowing users to aggregate supermarkets offers & deals from multiple supermarkets like Carrefour, Tamimi, Lulu, Othaim, Panda in one place and facilitating comparison of deals & promotions across different supermarket. 12/25/2023 0 Comments Shrine expo hall concertCustomers can access tickets to over 125,000 unique events on Box Office Ticket Sales. Every step of the ticket buying process is safeguarded to ensure the highest level of security exists for our customers during the ticket buying experience. Box Office Ticket Sales is monitored 24 hours a day by online security leader, TrustGuard. Open additional information for CloZee Los Angeles, CA Shrine Expo Hall. Simply select the number of tickets you need and continue to our secure checkout and complete your purchase. Shrine Expo Hall interactive seating charts enable our customers to have a live preview of the event from their seat ensuring they can experience the thrill of live events.Įstablished in 2012, over 1 million customers have used Box Office Ticket Sales to purchase tickets and experience the thrill of live events. The Shrine Expo Hall interactive seating charts provide a clear understanding of available seats, how many tickets remain, and the price per ticket. September 8, 2023: Shrine Expo Hall : 90. Shrine Expo Hall is located at 665 West Jefferson Boulevard in Los Angeles, California. Buy tickets for Ed Sheeran in Los Angeles, CA at Shrine Expo Hall on September 22, 2023. Box Office Ticket Sales has inventory for all events held at the Shrine Expo Hall to suit the ticket buying needs for all our customers. The popularity of the event, ticket quantity, seating location and the overall demand for these tickets are several factors that can impact the price of a ticket. There are many variables that impact the pricing of tickets at the Shrine Expo Hall. How Much are Tickets at Shrine Expo Hall? Browse and select your seats using the Shrine Expo Hall interactive seating chart, and then simply complete your secure online checkout. Our secure checkout allows users to purchase tickets with a major credit card, PayPal, Apple Pay or by using Affirm to pay over time. Select the event, date, and time that you want to attend an event at Shrine Expo Hall. Purchase tickets online 24 hours a day or by phone 1-80.īuying tickets to events at the Shrine Expo Hall is easy, fast, and secure at Box Office Ticket Sales. Buy Shrine Expo Hall Tickets & View the Event Schedule at Box Office Ticket Sales! Our tickets are 100% verified, delivered fast, and all purchases are secure. 12/25/2023 0 Comments Travel writer jobs no experienceThe editors look for articles about unique or obscure roadside attractions or eateries and interesting destinations. Backroadsīackroads USA is a monthly publication with a focus on motorcycle touring-related guides, tips, and information. Rate: Varies reportedly $0.25-$0.50/word depending on the section. Plan to write an impactful story with a valuable take-away for the reader.Ĭontact: See the Editorial Directory section in the guidelines and pitch the editor of the section you’re hoping to write for. Your pitch will have the best chance of being accepted if you’re willing to start off by writing a short assignment for the pages in the departments section. About 50% of the stories in this pub are written by freelancers, which means there may be opportunities for you. Backpackerīackpacker is a bimonthly print and digital magazine focused on foot-based travel-primarily hiking-throughout North America. Rate: Reportedly pays up to $0.50/word, but freelancers can also pitch a rate. The content is geared toward educating and informing readers about interesting activities, places to go, and places to stay in the region.Ĭontact: Tweet or email editor-in-chief Jim Hammerand. Want to write about the state of Washington? AAA Washington runs a travel-themed website as well as a magazine, Journey, that focuses on destinations in Washington state and northern Idaho. 18 Paying Travel MarketsĬheck out these 18 travel writing markets that pay writers. If you follow that strategy-and keep pushing forward-you’ll be well on your way to landing solid travel writing gigs. Craft your pitch, and send it off to an editor.Do some research and fine-tune your angle.Develop a story idea that aligns with what the editors are looking for.Familiarize yourself with the publication and its style by reading some recently published articles.You can get started by carefully reviewing the markets on our list here and selecting the ones you’d like to pitch. If you’ve decided that this is the niche you want to focus on, it’s time to jump in. If you want to become a travel writer, obviously you’ll need a strong interest in travel! It often helps if you have a significant amount of first-hand travel experience, too. You’ll notice that most of the markets on our list pay competitive rates, often in the $0.25/word range and up. But the travel industry can certainly be a lucrative niche once you get your foot in the door. Of course, how much you actually earn will depend on many factors, including how often you write and for which publications. That’s not bad for writing about topics you love. How Much Do Travel Writers Get Paid?īefore we delve into our list of travel writing jobs and travel blogging jobs for freelancers, let’s talk about how you can expect to be paid as a travel writer.Īccording to Glassdoor, the average travel writer in the United States earns about $54,105 per year. But remember that opportunities also abound when it comes to business -writing possibilities in this industry, including travel copywriting, itinerary writing, and guidebook writing-so don’t stop here. Our list here will help you get started if you’re looking to land freelance gigs in the travel niche. There are all kinds of gigs available in the travel industry for freelance writers, including some for those just starting out. While there’s a common perception that travel writers spend much of their time jet-setting around the world, travel writing jobs don’t always require you to hit the road before you start typing. Some pubs might even commission you to write about your own interesting travel experiences. In fact, there are tons of markets in the travel niche that will pay you to write about a variety of topics, from feature articles covering offbeat destinations to tips for planning the perfect family getaway. Love to travel and want to write for others who share your passion? Now that the tourism industry is finally starting to show signs of life again, travel writing and blogging jobs are once again becoming ample. 12/25/2023 0 Comments American pie song buddy hollySome have speculated this alludes to the 1968 Democratic National Convention, but the consensus is that this is all about the death of traditional rock and roll via The Beatles. ‘Cause the players tried to take the field While the Sergeants played a marching tune McLean again refers to Dylan who is on the sidelines – referencing his above mentioned motorcycle accident. McLean references the Manson murders (and continues The Beatles theme with “Helter Skelter”) as well as The Byrds and their song “Eight Miles High” and marijuana (“grass”). With the Jester on the sidelines in a cast The birds flew off with a fallout shelter Dylan is seen wearing a similar coat on the cover the Freewheelin’ album from 1963.ĭylan steals the “thorny crown” from Elvis. Everyone is familiar with James Dean’s red jacket from Rebel Without a Cause. The king and queen reference in the first line are Peter Seeger and Joan Baez, folk music’s royalty before Dylan took center stage. I have to think he’s talking about somebody else. Dylan, in a 2017 interview, expressed his dislike for the label: “A jester? Sure, the jester writes songs like ‘Masters of War,’ ‘A Hard Rain’s a-Gonna Fall,’ ‘It’s Alright, Ma’ – some jester. There’s no debate that Bob Dylan is The Jester in this song. When the Jester sang for the King and Queen Dylan, who sang “Like a Rolling Stone” – a major break from folk music in 1965 was involved in a motorcycle accident and subsequently laid low for about a year (“moss grows fat”), and many said he’d lost his muse. There’s also an additional interpretation. The “ten years” McLean describes are the day the music died (Feb. Indeed, the bookends of the song are Holly and The Stones. Yes, Buddy Holly sang “Well you know, a rolling stone, don’t gather no moss” in his hit “Early in the Morning” but this is also clearly a reference to The Rolling Stones. The next verse begins McLean’s great decent into veiled meanings, and much debated lyrics… The bottom line: we were young, we were pure… then the music died, and so did our innocence. There’s mention of sock hops and perhaps a reference to the Marty Robbins song “A White Sport Coat (with a Pink Carnation)”. McLean continues to evoke the good ol’ days with references to “The Book of Love” by the Monotones, and even a Don Cornell hit, “The Bible Tells Me So”. Well, I know that you’re in love with him when the levee was dry), McLean and his friends would drive across the river and scout for places to drink and have fun in Rye, NY.Īnd can you teach me how to dance real slow Sometimes, when The Levee would close (i.e. Don McLean grew up in New York, and he would listen to music and party at “The Levee” in New Rochelle, NY. McLean conveys sadness at the loss of American innocence (a farewell to the all-american apple pie) with imagery of the a 1950s farewell party. It is thanks to McLean that this sad day is known as “the day the music died”.Īnd them good old boys were drinkin’ whiskey and rye McLean conveys the feeling he had as a paperboy and seeing the news on the headlines. McLean’s sentimental disillusionment aside, it was an objectively bad day for rock/pop music now that these three were gone, who was left? Elvis had been drafted, Chuck Berry was in hot water over a prostitute, and Little Richard had changed his tune, getting away from rock music. On February 3, 1959, a plane crash took the lives of Buddy Holly, The Big Bopper and Richie Valenz. “I still remember this light going off in my head as I was sitting up in my little room writing my songs and thinking about Buddy Holly and just how sad that was and how much I loved that guy, and how much I loved his music and how much I felt for him… I started to write this ‘A long, long time ago’ about how it felt when I was a paperboy and I opened up these papers… and this whole fantasy came out and the song was written” In an interview with BBC Radio 2 (November 4th, 1993) he commented: I can still remember how that music used to make me smileĭon McLean reflects back on the days of innocence. But let’s take a stab at it line by line… The song has been endlessly analyzed it’s intentionally ambiguous and the meanings are still up for debate. Don McLean captured this loss of innocence perfectly in “American Pie”. From sock hops to Manson, Hell’s Angels and the Stones…. You can’t help but look at those intervening years with astonishment at how times had changed. Ten years after the plane crash which killed Buddy Holly, the Big Bopper and Richie Valens, the Rolling Stones performed at the Altamont Speedway. 12/25/2023 0 Comments Black light poster blubThe tiny secondary peak (2) is light from the mercury vapor line at 404 nm leaking through the filter, which gives the lamp its purple glow. FWHM spectral bandwidth of the 370 nm peak is about 20 nm. Spectrum of a black light fluorescent tube. dermatology, lapidary, forensics, night clubs insect attraction, polymerization, psoriasis, tanning beds Various phosphor compositions used in blacklight Phosphor "Width" is the measure between points on the shoulders of the peak that represent 50% intensity. "Peak" position is approximated to the nearest 10 nm. Approximate phosphor compositions, major manufacturer's type numbers and some uses are given as an overview of the types available. The following table lists the tubes generating blue, UVA and UVB, in order of decreasing wavelength of the most intense peak. Philips uses one system which is becoming outdated (2010), while the (German) Osram system is becoming dominant outside North America. Manufacturers use different numbering systems for black light tubes. Compact fluorescent (CF) black light bulb ) while the phosphor used to produce a peak around 350 to 353 nanometres is lead-doped barium silicate ( BaSi ) or europium-doped strontium borate ( Sr The phosphor typically used for a near 368 to 371 nanometer emission peak is either europium-doped strontium fluoroborate ( SrB These are made for use in " bug zapper" insect traps where the emission of visible light does not interfere with the performance of the product. They should not be confused with "blacklight" or "BL" tubes, which have no filter coating, and have a brighter blue color. These tubes have a dim violet glow when operating. The type most commonly used for black lights, designated blacklight blue or "BLB" by the industry, has a dark blue filter coating on the tube, which filters out most visible light, so that fluorescence effects can be observed. The bottom is an F8T5/BLB 12-inch, 8-watt tube, used in a portable battery-powered black light sold as a pet urine detector.įluorescent black light tubes are typically made in the same fashion as normal fluorescent tubes except that a phosphor that emits UVA light instead of visible white light is used on the inside of the tube. The top is a F15T8/BLB 18-inch, 15-watt tube, used in a standard plug-in fluorescent fixture. Two black light fluorescent tubes, showing use. Additionally, UV-A can have negative effects on eyes in both the short-term and long-term. UV-A may also contribute to the progression of skin cancers. According to the World Health Organization, UV-A is responsible for the initial tanning of skin and it contributes to skin ageing and wrinkling. UV-A presents a potential hazard when eyes and skin are exposed, especially to high power sources. Strong sources of long-wave ultraviolet light are used in tanning beds. Black lights are employed for decorative and artistic lighting effects, diagnostic and therapeutic uses in medicine, the detection of substances tagged with fluorescent dyes, rock-hunting, scorpion-hunting, the detection of counterfeit money, the curing of plastic resins, attracting insects and the detection of refrigerant leaks affecting refrigerators and air conditioning systems. In medicine, forensics, and some other scientific fields, such a light source is referred to as a Wood's lamp, named after Robert Williams Wood, who invented the original Wood's glass UV filters.Īlthough many other types of lamp emit ultraviolet light with visible light, black lights are essential when UV-A light without visible light is needed, particularly in observing fluorescence, the colored glow that many substances emit when exposed to UV. This stands for "blacklight".īlacklight sources may be specially designed fluorescent lamps, mercury-vapor lamps, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, or incandescent lamps. These tubes are made for use in " bug zapper" insect traps, and are identified by the industry designation "BL". A second type of lamp produces ultraviolet but does not have the filter material, so it produces more visible light and has a blue color when operating. Blacklight lamps which have this filter have a lighting industry designation that includes the letters "BLB". One type of lamp has a violet filter material, either on the bulb or in a separate glass filter in the lamp housing, which blocks most visible light and allows through UV, so the lamp has a dim violet glow when operating. The violet glow of a black light is not the UV light itself, but visible light that escapes being filtered out by the filter material in the glass envelope.Ī blacklight, also called a UV-A light, Wood's lamp, or ultraviolet light, is a lamp that emits long-wave ( UV-A) ultraviolet light and very little visible light. For other uses, see Black Light (disambiguation). |
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